Artificial Intelligence, ko kuma
A.I, wani babban fanni ne daga cikin fannonin ilimin kimiyyar computer
(Computer Science), wanda ya ta’allaka ne akan yanda za’a iya sanya computer
tayi wasu ayyuka wadanda mutane kan yi.
Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da yin tunani tare da yanke hukuncin da ya dace akan
abin da suka yi tunanin akanshi. A wani
babban taro na harkar computer da aka yi a shekara ta 1955, wani shahararre a
fannin computer kuma malami a jami’ar Stanford, wato John McCarthy,
shine ya bayyana cewa “za’a iya sanya computer tayi wasu ayyuka irin wadanda
mutane ne kadai ke yinsu ta hanyar kwafar ilimin hanyar da mutane ke bi domin
yin wannan aiki tare da sanyasu a wani yanayi da computer zata iya fahimtar mi
suke nufi ( programming)"
Su wadannan ayyukan an raba su ne a
gida biyu ne wato Mundane tasks da kuma Expert Tasks.
Mundane Tasks
Su Mundane Tasks sune irin ayyukan
da suka zama masu matukar sauki wajen mutane saboda yanayin yanda suke yinsu a ko da yaushe, misali gani (vision), tafiya ko
kuma motsawa (robotic), tsara yin wani aiki (planning), yin Magana da mutane
(communication) da dai sauranu.
Expert Tasks
Su kuma
expert tasks sune ayyukan da ke bukatar wata kwarewa ta musamman kafin a iya
yinsu. Wadannan ayyuka suna matukar wahala ga dan Adam, domin yana bukatar
kwarewa ta musamman da kuma ilimi kafin ya iya yinsu.
Wani
abin ban mamaki anan shine, ayyukan da mutane ke yi a saukeke (wato Mundane
Tasks) sune kuma ayyukan da ke da matukar wahala wajen sanya computer ta iya yinsu,
domin suna bukatar aiki ba dan kadanba kafin computer ta iya fahimtar yanda zata yisu. A lokaci
guda kuma, ayyukan da suke zama masu matukar wahala ga mutane, kamar su complex
mathematics, yin fida (ko kuma surgical operation), duba marar lafiya, yin manyan ayyuka kamar hada motoci
ko jirage, sune kuma ayyukan da suka fi sauki a sanya computer ta aiwatar da
su.
Dalilin
kirkiro da wannan fagen na computer shine domin a sanya computer to iya yin
tunani da kanta tare da yin wasu abubuwan. Kamar yanda John McCarthy yace, a
maimakon a ko da yaushe mu rika yin programming din computer domin bayyana mata
hanyar da zata bi domin yin wasu ayyuka, za’a iya nuna ko kuma bayyana mata
dokoki ko kuma ka’idoji da ake bi domin
aiwatar da wannan ayyukan ta yanda a ko da yaushe idan ta aiwatar da
wannan aiki zata kara samun ilimi da kuma kwarewa akan yanda ake aiwatar da wannan
aiki, kamar dai yanda mutane suma suke samun kwarewa akan abubuwa idan suna
aiwatar da wadannan abubuwan akai-akai.
Kawo yanzu, shekaru 72 bayan kirkirar wannan
fagen, akwai ayyuka da dama da suka wanzu wannan filin wadanda yawansu har ma
ya sanya an kassafa shi wannan fagen ya zuwa yankuna daban-daban. Wadannan yankuna sun hada da:
1.
Robotics (yanda za’a iya sanya computer ta iya
motsi ko kuma matsayawa da wani guri zuwa wani gurin tare fahimtar mi ke wakana
a wannan wurin)
2.
Machine Learning (Yanda za’a iya sanya computer
ta iya koyi sabbin abubuwa ta hanyar aiwatar da abubuwan)
3.
Speech recognition (Yanda computer ke gane
Magana da kuma fahimtar abin da aka fada)
4.
Expert system (Yin wasu manyan aiyukan masu
bukatar kwarewar gaske kamar likitanci, lissafi da sauransu)
5.
Vision (yanda computer zata iya gani tare da
fahimtar abin da ta gani)
6.
Natural Language Processing (Yanda computer zaya
iya yin zance da mutane).
Idan Allah mai kowa mai komi ya
yarda, a cikin jerin darussan da zamu kawo muku akan Artificial Intelligence,
zamu dauki wadannan bangarori daya bayan daya muyi cikakken bayani a kan ko
wannensu. Da fatan zaku kanance tare da shafin SADARWA.
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